2004年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语真题 字串5

Paper One 试卷一 字串4

( 120 minutes)

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 Part I   Listening Comprehension  (30 minutes, 15 points)  (略)

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 Part II  Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 points)

 Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part。 For each sentence there are four 字串6

 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.。Mark your 字串7

 answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

16. If the work __ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be

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    heavily fined.

      A. is completed                      B. to be completed

      C. will have been completed            D. will be completed 字串1

17. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he_____ our chairman now.

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      A. must be     B. would have been    C. shall be      D. would be

18. ______ pollution control measures tend to be money consuming, many industries hesitate to adopt them. 字串4

      A. Although    B. However          C. When        D. Since

19. _______ is often the case with a new idea, much initial activity and optimistic discussion      produce no concrete proposal.

      A. It          B. Which          C. As         D. That

20. According to the __ of the contract, employees must give six months' notice if they 字串2

    intend to leave.

      A. laws         B. rules             C. terms        D. details

21. All of the plants now raised on farms have been developed from plants __ in the wild. 字串2

      A. once they grew                     B. that once grew

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      C. they grew once                     D. once grew 字串7

22. The __ meter can detect even a very small amount of gas in the room. 字串3

A. sensible      B. sensitive           C. sensing    D. sensed

23.Not until recent years _______a popular means of communication． 字串6

       A．e-mail became                      B．e-mail has become 字串2

       C．did e-mail become                   D．Will e-mail become

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24.Mobile phones have proved to ________with night instruments and have a negative effect on flight safety． 字串6

A．interfere    B．  disturb    C．  interrupt    D．  trouble 字串8

25.A1though there are many predictions about the future, no one knows for sure ______the 字串4

      world would be like in 50 years． 字串5

       A．how       B．that         C．which        D．what

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26．The bank manager asked his assistant if it was possible for him to ______the investment 字串2

plan within a week． 字串6

       A．work out    B. put out       C. make out       D．set out 字串6

27．I was speaking to Ann on the phone about our tour plan _______suddenly we were cut off．

       A．that         B．while       C．before        D．  when

28.Television will provide information on prices at the nearby shops ________news and entertainment．

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    A．  as many as    B．  as far as    C．  as well as    D．  as long as 字串5

29. _________,the researchers cannot concentrate on that very precise experiment. 字串2

    A．  With you standing there    B．  on your standing there 字串6

    C．  You are standing there    D．  You stand there 字串9

30 . Jane takes an ______interest in clothes and is very particular about What she wears． 字串2

    A．  exhaustive    B．  excelling      C．  executive    D．  excessive

31．She went to Europe on vacation but her happy time ended in _______When their hotel caught 字串3

fire．

    A．tragedy    B．  crisis    C．  drama    D．misfortune 字串5

32．You could become a good musician，  but your lack of practice is_____ you______.

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    A.  taking．．．  over     B．  ho1ding．．．  back

C．  making．．．  up    D．  1eaving …   out  字串4

33．Retail sales volume in local urban and rural areas rose 57．8％ and 46．8％______last year．

 A．  individually    B．  respectively    C．  correspondingly    D．  accordingly 字串4

34． The managing director took the_ _____for the accident，  although it was not really his fault． 字串4

 A．  guilt    B．  blame    C．  charge    D．  accusation 字串1

35． It is requested that all the students _______present at the meeting tomorrow．

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    A．were    B．Will be    C．are    D．be 字串5

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PartⅡ  Reading Comprehension (55minutes,  40points) 字串4

Directions：  There are four passages in this part．  Each of the passages is followed by five 字串8

Questions or unfinished statements．  For each of them there are four choices marked A，  B，C and D．Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET with a single line through the center．

Passage One 字串6

 ln ancient Greek，the term euthanasia meant “easy death”．Today euthanasia(安乐死)

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generally refers to mercy killing，  the vo1untary(自愿)ending of the 1ife of someone who is

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terminally ill．Like abortion，euthanasia has become a legal，medical，and moral issue over which opinion is divided．

        Euthanasia can be either active or passive. active euthanasia means that a physician or other medical personnel takes an action that will result in death，such as giving an overdose of deadly

  medicine．  Passive euthanasia means letting a patient die for lack of treatment，or stopping the treatment that has begun．Examples of passive euthanasia include taking patients off a breathing

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machine or removing other 1ife-supp on systems．Stopping the food supply is also considered

passive． 字串2

A good deal of the debate about mercy killing originates from the decision—making process．Who decides whether a patient is to die ?This issue has not been s01Ved 1egally in the

United States． The matter is 1eft to state law，which usually allows the physician in charge to 字串7

Suggest the option of death to a patient’s relatives，especially if the patient is brain dead．In an 字串3

Attempt to make decisions about when their own lives should end，several terminally i11patients in the early 1990s used a controversial suicide device，developed by Dr．Jack Kevorkian，to end their1ives． 字串7

 In parts of Europe，the decision-making process has become very flexible．Even in cases 字串5

Where the patients are not brain dead，patients have been put to death without their approval at the

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request of relatives or at the suggestion of physicians．Many cases of passive euthanasia involve 字串6

o1d people or newborn infants．The principle justifying this practice is that such individuals have 字串8

“1ife not worthy of life”．

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In countries where passive euthanasia is not legal，the court systems have proved very tolerant in dealing with medical personnel who practice it in Japan，for example，if physicians follow certain guidelines they may actively carry out mercy killings on hopelessly ill people. Courts have also been some what to1erant of friends or relatives who have assisted terminally ill patients to die． 字串1

36． A terminally ill patient is one who_______ 字串5

    A．  gets worse every day            B．  Can never get well again 字串3

    C．  is very seriously mill in the end    D．  is too ill to want to1ive on 字串5

37．The difference between active and passive euthanasia is whether______

    A．there is an action that speeds up the death of the patient

    B．the breathing machine is taken off the patient

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    C．an overdose of deadly medicine is used 字串7

    D．the patient is denied food supply 字串2

38．According to the passage，who has /have the legal responsibility to decide on euthanasia? 字串8

    A．  The national or state government．

    B．  The patient’s relatives． 字串6

    C．  Physicians in Charge of the patient．

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    D．  The answer varies from country to country．

39．  The  principle  justifying  passive  euthanasia  in  Europe  is  that  terminally  i11  patients are______ 字串5

    A．  1iving a life without consciousness 字串6

B．        1iving a life that can hardly be called life

C．       too old or too weak to live on    字串1

        D. too old or too young to approve of euthanasia

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40. The attitude of the writer toward euthanasia is              

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A. negative           B. positive              C. objective             D. casual 字串2

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Passage Two

Next week, as millions of families gather for their Thanksgiving feasts, many other Americans will go without. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, more than 12 million households lack enough food for everyone in their family at some time during the year-including holidays.

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Hunger is surprisingly widespread in our country-one of the world’s wealthiest-yet the government estimates that we waste almost 100 billion pounds of food each year, more than one-quarter of our total supply.

Reducing this improper distribution of resources is a goal of America’s Second Harvest, the nation’s largest domestic hunger-relief organization. Last year, it distributed nearly 2 billion pounds of food to more than 23 million people in need. 字串1

America’s Second Harvest is a network of 214 inter-connected food banks and other organizations that gather food from growers, processors, grocery stores and restaurants. In turn, the network distributes food to some 50,000 soup kitchens, homeless shelters and old people’s centers in every county of every state.

A great deal of work is involved in distributing tons of food from thousand of donors(捐赠)to hundreds of small, nonprofit organizations. Until a few years ago, America’s Second Harvest lacked any effective way to manage their inventory. Without accurate and timely information, soup kitchens were sometimes empty while food was left to spoil in loading places. 字串2

In 2000, America’s Second Harvest began to use a new inventory and financial-management system-Ceres. It is software designed specifically for hunger-relief operations. It is used by more than 100 America’s Second Harvest organizations to track food from donation to distribution.

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Ceres has helped reduce the spoiling of food and improve distribution. An evaluation found that the software streamlined food banks’ operations by 23 percent in the first year alone. 字串8

With more accurate and timely reports, Ceres saves time, flees staff members to focus on finding new donors, and promises more efficient use of donations.

Hunger in America remains a troubling social problem. Technology alone cannot solve it. But in the hands of organizations such as America’s Second Harvest, it is a powerful tool that is helping to make a difference-and helping more Americans to join in the feast. 字串5

41. According to the passage, the total supply of food in America every year reaches      

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A. 12 million pounds                       B. more than 12 million pounds

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C. almost 100 billion pounds                 D. about 400 billion pounds

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42. By “this improper distribution of resources” in Paragraph 3, the writer means that many Americans lack enough food while         

A. their country is one of the richest in the world 字串7

B. much food is left to spoil 字串3

C. others waste too much food

D. others consume too much food 字串9

43. A problem for America’s Second Harvest a few years ago was that           字串7

A. it did not get enough food from donors

B. it did not have a large enough network

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C. it did not have enough soup kitchens

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D. it did not have a good way to manage its food stock

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44. With Ceres, America’s Second Harvest is now able to                  

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A. enlarge its network 字串3

B. prevent food from spoiling

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C. give out food more efficiently

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D. solve the hunger problem in the country

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45. The main idea of the passage is that                

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A. technology can help in the fight against hunger

B. America’s Second Harvest has found more donors

C. America’s Second Harvest promotes the development of technology 字串6

D. hunger is a problem even in the wealthiest country in the  world 字串8

Passage Three 字串1

    The differences in living standards around the world are vast．In 1993，the average American 字串8

had an income of about$25，000.In the same year，the average Mexican earned$7，000，and the

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average Nigerian camed$1，500,Not surprisingly，this large variation in average income is reflected in various measures of the quality of life．Changes in living standards over time are also 字串2

1arge．  In the United States，incomes have historically grown about 2 percent per year(after 字串2

adjusting for changes in the cost of living)．At this rate，average income doubles every 35years．In

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some countries，economic growth has been even more rapid．  In Japan， for instance，  average

income has doubled in the past 20 years，and in South Korca it has doubled in the past 10years．

    What explains these 1arge differences in 1iving standards among countries and over time?

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The answer is surprisingly Simple．  A1most a11 variation in 1iving standards is attributable to

differences in countries’productivity-----that is，  the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker's time．In nations where workers can produce a large quantity of goods and services per unit of time，most people enjoy a high standard of living；  in nations where workers are less productive，most people must endure a more meager existence．Similarly，the growth rate of a nation's productivity determines the growth rate of its average income． 字串9

    The fundamental relationship between productivity and living standards is simple，but its implications are far-reaching．If productivity is the primary determinant of livings standards，other 字串1

explanations must be of secondary importance．For example，people might think that labor unions 字串3

or minimum-wage 1aws contributed to the rise in 1iving standards of American workers over the past century. Yet the real hero of American workers is their rising productivity． 字串5

    The relationship between productivity and living standards also has great implications for public po1icy．When thinking about how any policy will affect living standards，  the key question is how it will affect our ability to produce goods and services．To improve living standards，po1icy makers need to raise productivity by ensuring that workers are well educated，have the too1s needed to produce goods and services，and have access to the best available technology．

  46．Which of the following countries has enjoyed the fastest economic growth in history? A．Mexico．    B．The United States ． 字串4

  C．Japan．    D．South  Korea ． 字串3

  47．The word“meager”in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to“__________”．

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A．  modest    B．  poor    C．  meaning less   D．  plentiful   字串1

  48．What is the most important factor that leads to the rise in living standards of average people?

    A．Labor unions．            B．Minimum-wage laws ． 字串4

    C．Rising productivity．       D．Favorable publicpo1icy． 字串8

 49．The study of the relationship between productivity and 1iving standards is significant in 字串9

    that_________． 字串3

    A．it calls po1icy makers’attention to a qualified work force 字串6

    B．it encourages workers to get better education.

    C．it helps improve the workers’ability to produce goods and services

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    D．it enables policy makers to access the latest technology 字串7

  50．The passage mainly discusses____________

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    A．the differences in average income among countries

    B．the relationships between productivity and living standards 字串3

    C．th causes of the rise in living standards 字串9

    D．the importance of raising productivity. 字串4

Passage Four

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Not so long ago almost any student who successfully completed a university degree could find a good career quite easily. Companies toured the academic institutions, competing with each other to select graduates. However, those days are gone, even in Hong Kong, and nowadays graduates often face strong competition in the search for jobs. 字串1

Most careers organizations highlight three stages for graduates to follow in the process of securing a suitable career: recognizing abilities, matching these to available jobs and presenting them well to possible employers. 字串2

Job seekers have to make a careful assessment of their own abilities. One area of assessment should be of their academic qualifications, which would include special skills within their subject area. Graduates should also consider their own personal values and attitudes. An honest assessment of personal interests and abilities such as creative skills, or skills acquired from work experience, should also be given careful thought. 字串3

The second stage is to study the opportunities available for employment and to think about how the general employment situation is likely to develop in the future. To do this, graduates can study job and position information in newspapers, or they can visit a careers office, write to possible employers for information or contact friends or relatives who may already be involved in a particular profession. After studying all the various options, they should be in a position to make informed comparisons between various careers. 字串3

Good personal presentation is essential in the search for a good career. Job application forms and letters should, of course, be filled in carefully and correctly, without grammar or spelling errors. Where additional information is asked for, job seekers should describe their abilities and work experience in more depth, with examples if possible. They should try to balance their own abilities with the employer's needs, explain why they are interested in a career with the particular company and try to show that they already know something about the company and its activities.

When graduates go to an interview, they should prepare properly by finding out all they can about the possible employer. Dressing suitably and arriving for the interview on time are also important. Interviewees should try to give positive and helpful answers and should not be afraid to ask questions about anything they are unsure about. This is much better than pretending to understand a question and giving an unsuitable answer. 字串2

51. "Those days are gone, even in Hong Kong" in Paragraph 1 suggests that        字串9

A. finding a good career used to be easier in Hong Kong than elsewhere 字串6

    B. now everyone in Hong Kong has an equal chance of finding a good job 字串4

    C. graduates now face stronger competition in Hong Kong than elsewhere 字串6

    D. even in Hong Kong companies tour universities trying to select graduates 字串4

52. It is implied in Paragraph 3 that graduates should        字串5

A. aim to give a balanced account of what the employer needs

    B. consider careers which suit their values, interests and abilities 字串3

C. recognize their own abilities regardless of what the employer looks for 字串8

D. stress their personal attitudes and values in job applications 字串6

53. According to Paragraph 4, graduates should       

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    A. find a good position and then compare it with other careers

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    B. ask friends or relatives to secure them a good job

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    C. get information about a number of careers before making comparisons 字串1

    D. study the opportunities and the kinds of training that will be available 字串5

54. In the last paragraph, the writer seems to suggest that       

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    A. interviewees should appear humble if they can't give an answer

    B. dressing properly is more important than being able to give an answer 字串9

C. it is better for interviewees to be honest than to pretend to understand 字串9

    D. it is a good idea for interviewees to be boastful in their answers 字串3

55. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

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    A. Until recently it was quite easy for graduates to get good jobs in Hong Kong. 字串3

    B. Job seekers should consider as many related factors as possible.

    C. Businesses used to visit the universities in Hong Kong to select graduates. 字串4

D. Graduates used to compete with each other for a good job in Hong Kong.

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Part IV Cloze Test  (15 minutes, 5 points)

Directions: There are ten blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 字串7

Adult education is the practice of teaching and educating adults. This is often done in the workplace, or 56 "continuing education" courses at secondary schools, or at a college or university. 字串6

Educating adults differs from educating 57 in several ways. One of the most important 58 is that adults have gained knowledge and experience which can 59 add value to a learning experience or interfere with it. 字串1

Another important difference is that adults frequently must apply their knowledge in some 60 fashion in order to learn effectively: there must be a 61 and a reasonable expectation that the new knowledge will help them further that goal. One example, 62   in the 1990s, was the spread of computer training courses in 63 adults, most of them office workers, could enroll. These courses would teach basic use of the operating system or specific application 64. Because the skills 65 to interact with a PC were so new, many people who had been working white-collar jobs for ten years or more eventually took such training courses, either of their own will(to gain computer skills and thus can higher pay)or at the request of their managers.

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56. A. by            B. from           C. on               D. through

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57. A. children       B. students         C. workers           D. employees

58. A. signs          B. features         C. differences        D. practices

59. A. either         B. neither          C. both              D. so

60. A. probable       B. practical        C. modem            D. routine

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61. A. plan          B. prospect         C. goal              D. possibility

62. A. normal        B. common         C. regular            D. profitable 字串6

63. A. that           B. which           C. those             D. whose 字串1

64. A. software       B. hardware        C. technology         D. framework 字串4

65. A. related         B. designed        C. expected          D. required

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Paper Two 试卷二 字串3

(60 minutes) 字串7

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Part V Translation (30 minutes, 15 points) 字串9

Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET

One of the really nice features about e-mails is that they allow us to send files as attachments to other users. This is a very good thing. If I'm working with a colleague and want to send him an image file or a word file, I can do so very quickly and easily, without having to fax it to him. This saves on long distance bills and printing costs. It also, however, presents a problem, because attachments can take a long time to download. For those of us who pay by the hour for Internet service, unwanted attachments can be quite costly and time-consuming. I once had someone send me fifteen large image files, and it tied up my computer for 20 minutes just to download one of them. So, in short, if you're going to send an attachment, get permission first. 字串5

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Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points) 字串2

Directions: You are to write in no less than 120 words on the title of "College Students Should (Not)Be Permitted to Live Off Campus". You are to take a position, either for or against the matter, and give your masons. You should base your composition on the following Chinese outline.

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近年来大学生在校外租房居住的现象越来越多，这个问题已引起社会各界的关注。人们对这一现象的看法不一，各持已见。 字串9

1．你对这个问题的观点是…… 字串3

2．理由是……

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3．结论……

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参考答案 字串5

Paper One 字串3

Part II Vocabulary and Structure

16-20:  B D D C C             21-25:  B B C A D 字串8

26-30:  A D C A D             31-35:  A B B B D 字串8

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Part III Reading Comprehension

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36-40:  D A B D C             41-45:  D C D C D

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46-50:  D B C C B             51-55:  A B C C D

Part IV Close Test

56-60:  A A C A B        61-65:  C B B A D

Paper Two  字串8

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Part V Translation

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参考译文；

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    电子邮件真正的优点之一就在于它允许我们以附件的形式给其他的用户发送文件，这 字串7

一点非常好。比如，我和一个同事一起工作的时候，我想发一份图象文件或是文字文件给

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他，通过电子邮件就可以很方便很快捷地搞定，而不必使用传真。这就节省了长途费用和

打印成本。但是，电子邮件也会带来问题。因为附件的下载可能需要很长时间。对于我们

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这些按小时支付网费的人来说，多余的附件可能是相当耗费时间和金钱的。我曾经接收过 字串6

15个大的图片文件，我的电脑竟用了20分钟才载下来一个图片。所以，简言之，如果你要 字串2

发附件给别人的话，事先一定要争得对方的许可。

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Part VI  Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)

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参考范文：

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In recent years, the number of college students who live off campus has been increasing, which attracts the widespread attention in the whole society. As to this special phenomenon, different people have different opinions. As a person who was a student, I think this behavior should be banned. My reasons are as follows: 字串9

The first and the most important one is that living off campus is not beneficial to study. Being college students, young people should spare no effort to study hard to broaden their horizons. Living off campus means they are away from classroom, library and laboratory. So it may bring much more trouble to them. Second, when college students live off campus they will be estranged from their classmates, which is harmful to their ability to communicate with others. Thus,  majority of them don't have good friends so that they are easy to feel lonely and unhappy. Third, their living off campus will put a financial burden on their family and themselves. In general, college students are still financed by their family. If they want to live off campus, they have to ask more money from their family and make money in their spare time. It is a heavy burden they have to shoulder.

In a word, I don't approve of college students' living off campus. It will disturb the students' normal life. Therefore colleges should establish rules to ban college students' living off campus. 字串1

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